Overseas architect → UK registration (the MRA routes)

UK registration is qualification-anchored to UK-accredited programmes, so overseas-qualified architects enter through a small set of mutual-recognition agreements (MRAs) rather than a large conversion funnel. The principal routes: 🇺🇸 USA — an MRA between ARB and NCARB (the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards) for eligible, fully registered/licensed architects in good standing; 🇦🇺 Australia / 🇳🇿 New Zealand — a tri-party MRA between ARB, AACA and NZRAB for eligible architects with an accredited qualification up to Master’s level; and 🇪🇺/🇪🇪🇦 (post-Brexit) — a unilateral interim recognition (not an MRA) under which ARB recognises qualifications on the “frozen” Annex V.7.1 list of the former EU professional-qualifications directive as it stood on 31 December 2020, with a formal UK–EU MRA still being negotiated. An asymmetry to encode: the MRA partners are themselves multi-jurisdiction — a US architect is licensed by a state board and routed via NCARB, an Australian architect via a state/territory board through AACA — so the outbound side is never a single national register. (The Canada/ROAC route, and the name and fee of ARB’s UK adaptation assessment, are unverified in source and not asserted here.)